10 Smite. Author Suzanne Collins drew her inspiration from Roman gladiators as well as the myth of the Minotaur. Sylvester is a derivative of the word “silva,” which refers to a “dweller in the wood” and was a typical Roman surname, later used as a first name. Scenes on pottery show that betting on animal fights (including chickens, birds and dogs) was also active and animals would be bred for that reason. [5] Kratos is first mentioned alongside his siblings in Hesiod 's Theogony. 6. As video games have grown in popularity, so have themes surrounding ancient Greece and the 12 gods and goddesses of. 1 September 2023 by 9PM Games. Please remember that I’ll always mention the master topic of the game : Word Lanes Answers, the link to the previous level : Roman god of wealth, father of Jupiter Word Lanes and the link to the main game master topic Word Lanes level . The mobile. Read how Minerva outsmarted her famous uncle, the powerful Neptune. Being composed of rich legends, Roman mythology tackles anything from the founding of Rome, to why gods have certain epithets, and why their local geography is the way that it is. She is also known as one of the goddesses of the sea and the sky. Ludus Latrunculorum. Most of the Greek Gods and Goddesses were adopted by the ancient Romans, although in most cases there was a change of name. 15 – Mercury Mercury on his way to deliver messages. 4. Minerva was the goddess of wisdom. The Saturnalia was a celebration in honor of the Saturn, the Roman god of agriculture and, according to Roman myth, there existed a time when Saturn reigned over the earth and provided a bounty for mankind, who lived in a state of innocence. Like all cultures, they also had a rich and vibrant mythological background. If you’re looking for a name for your roman god OC or just want to find. goddess of the hearth, home, architecture, domesticity, family, and the state. The Roman Games. piloe) were made of hair, feathers, or fig-seeds, covered with leather or many-coloured cloth. The Roman deities most widely known today are those the Romans identified with Greek counterparts (see interpretatio graeca), integrating Greek myths, iconography, and sometimes religious practices, into Roman culture, including Latin literature, Roman art, and religious life as it was experienced throughout. Here, we'll introduce you to the 12 major Roman gods and goddesses. Students will also create 8 "Wild Cards" about other major topics in Ancient Rome. Answer: Zeus, in ancient Greek religion, is the chief deity of the pantheon, a sky and weather god who was identical with the Roman god Jupiter. Some scholars believe that her cult was that of Athena introduced at Rome from Etruria. Often represented with running horses, representing the power of the sea, he was also the Gods of horses. ; The Romans absorbed the deities and cults of other cultures, fostering a policy. He was the twin brother of the goddess Artemis. He is the son of Pallas and Styx. ☆ ☆ Get this. Often represented with running horses, representing the power of the sea, he was also the Gods of horses. In mythology, the Roman god of rocks is called Vulcan. Hercules and the Cattle of Geryon. List. Religion has always been a significant element of almost every society, modern or ancient. Mercury is depicted as a youthful and agile deity, often shown with winged sandals (talaria) and a. Vestal Virgins were not permitted to marry or bear children but were instead to devote their lives to serving Vesta, goddess of the hearth. They took several forms but all were essentially. the god Jupiter. Druids are feared and hated. Definition. This week-long party typically began around December 17th, so that it would end right around the day of the solstice. Roman god of agriculture and wealth Word Lanes – Answers. 120-160 CE, via the. Lakshmi. Keres Depending on the background of your character, you may want to explore several branches of mythology at once. Mars was both a god of war and an agricultural guardian in ancient Roman mythology and religion. You will find here Roman god of the sea Word Hike - Answers . Enter the length or pattern for better results. Overview. Community. help them prosper by guiding them to build structures, harvest bounties, and more. Roman Gods Activities & Games. Furthermore, Apollo served as the chief patron of prophets, the source of the gift of prophecy. Nike was the ancient Greek goddess of victory--victory both in war and in peaceful competition. As the name suggests, you play as a centurion in the year 275 BC, with great ambitions to become the foremost leader of Ancient Rome - the Caesar. Tesserae, or commonly known as dice, was a gambling game where each player took turns to roll and bet on their results. It was the backbone of the ancient Roman polytheistic religion. Rent now on Apple TV & Prime Video ; Though a few (mostly silent) films preceded it, the 1956 movie Helen of Troy is notable for being one of the earliest Greek mythology movies based on The Illiad and The Odyssey. As with the Greeks, we find both the heavier felt ball (pila) and the inflated bladder-ball (follis). The Roman Games: A Captivating Guide to the Gladiators, Chariot Races. In ancient Greek religion and mythology, Demeter ( / dɪˈmiːtər /; Attic: Δημήτηρ Dēmḗtēr [dɛːmɛ́ːtɛːr]; Doric: Δαμάτηρ Dāmā́tēr) is the Olympian goddess of the harvest and agriculture, presiding over crops, grains, food, and the fertility of the earth. D. They served as minor protagonists in the first game, helping Kratos with his quest to kill Ares; however, as the series progressed,. Some fifty years later, on 25 December AD 274, the Roman emperor Aurelian. The festival occurred once every five years and took the form of athletic games and musical contests. To help this happen, slaves or prisoners of war were sometimes killed during funerals. Give it up for this goddess from Roman mythology who promoted women's power. These state festivals and the honors due to the gods were readily handled by the pontifices (priests),. When people talk about the Greek and Roman gods, there are probably a few who spring instantly to mind. Even when something good or bad happened, they linked it to a certain god’s mood. Essentially, Saturn’s story replicates the lore of. Alea (Roman Dice) Many sources about gambling in Ancient Rome inform us that the term “alea” described dice and dice games, which led to a dice player being called “aleator”. A bloody form of capital. Roman Goddess names list. Believe it or not but THE HUNGER GAMES is based on Greek mythology. Most Roman PCs would be fighters or rogues, but spellcasters could be "barbarian" auxiliaries. Vulcan (Latin: Vulcanus, in archaically retained spelling also Volcanus, both pronounced [wʊɫˈkaːnʊs]) is the god of fire including the fire of volcanoes, deserts, metalworking and the forge in ancient Roman religion and myth. ‘Split soul theory’, as it is known, was then absorbed into Roman mythology after its Greek origins, and has been seen in The Egyptian Book of the Dead and Ancient. It was a citizen’s right to see the games, not a. Plus, it's totally digital. Legend attributed their origin either to Sisyphus, king of Corinth, or to Theseus. Gods is the term used to refer to the playable characters in SMITE. Greek and Roman Gods. A Roman mob will have differed little from a modern-day lynch mob or a horde of soccer hooligans. Despite the presence of monotheistic religions within the empire, such as Judaism and early Christianity, Romans honored multiple deities. The God of Wine . In ancient Roman religion and myth, Janus (/ ˈ dʒ eɪ n ə s / JAY-nəs; Latin: Ianvs [ˈi̯aːnʊs]) is the god of beginnings, gates, transitions, time, duality, doorways, passages, frames, and endings. He is also the god of volcanoes, deserts, metalworking, and forging. The Roman God, Mars, was a father to Romulus and Remus. For that reason, he was also associated with runners and athletics in general. Gaia (also Gaea or Ge) is a primordial goddess and the personification of the Earth in Greek mythology. The original Sol, or Sol Indiges, had a shrine on the Quirinal, an annual sacrifice on August 9, and another shrine, together with Luna, the moon goddess, in the Circus Maximus. Rather, it became the very name for the whole realm of the underworld. The glyph is shaped like a scythe, but it is known as the "crescent below the cross", whereas Jupiter's glyph is the "crescent above the cross". Civilization 5: Gods And Kings is a great add-on to the base game for players who love the Civilization formula but want a more focused view of the Roman Empire. Caelus. Roman Gods Interactive Colouring Activity: This unique and arty activity is a fun way to help children learn about and recognise the different Roman gods and goddesses. We must restore its glory! With the favor of the gods, we shall lead our people to become the chosen tribe that will bring unity and strength to the empire once again. Roman Mythology. Across the Mediterranean in the classical world, sexual norms were radically different to those. Here is a list of the major gods in ancient Rome and their significance in Roman history and mythology: 1. Soon there were as many as eight ludi each year, some religious, some to commemorate military victories. This close relationship crafted a detailed mythologyCupid, ancient Roman god of love in all its varieties, the counterpart of the Greek god Eros and the equivalent of Amor in Latin poetry. NEPTUNE. Our story begins at what you might think is an odd time to build a giant stadium. Roman games, called ludi, were probably instituted as an annual event in 366 BC. Top 10 Ancient Roman Gods. Goddess of Fertility and Agriculture. ) Begin by dividing the players into groups of 3-4 players. Queen of the Gods, Goddess of Marriage. Quite a good auction and bluffing game, the components are stunning. Juno - The goddess of love, marriage, and fertility. Minerva is the Roman goddess of wisdom, justice, law, and victory and an extremely important part of the Roman pantheon. by Dg143642. Mars / märz / 1. Demeter. 70–31 B. He has. They had Mars, the god of war, Neptune, the god of the sea, Bacchus, the god of wine, and many more. Mars was the Roman god of war and second only to Jupiter in the Roman pantheon. Sol Invictus, on the other hand, was a Syrian sun god whose cult was first promoted in Rome under Elagabalus, without success. Saturn – Roman God of agriculture. The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "roman goddess of agriculture", 5 letters crossword clue. Hermes was the messenger of the gods, and a god in his own right, in Greek mythology. . The first of these, Sol Indiges, or Sol, was an early Roman deity of minor importance whose cult had petered out by the first century AD. The goal was to roll and have each die displaying a different number. God or Goddess. The Romans, according to the orator and politician Cicero, excelled all other peoples in the unique. Early in his reign, Halley’s Comet passed over Rome. Initially, the games only lasted for one day- the 13th September and were not celebrated every year. Early Roman mythology tells the story of how Rome was founded by two twin gods named Romulus and Remus. From the quiz authorHe was associated with ‘Amphigyeis,’ which translated into ‘lame’ or ‘lame on both sides. It comes in Kindle and hard copy and describes the Romans and their Gods. The pantheon of Greek god names and Roman god names, such as Orion and Apollo, and other figures from Irish, Norse, African, Hindu, and other myths and legends can provide an abundant source of audacious baby names, all. For instance, the Roman god Neptune is the equivalent of Poseidon, the Greek god of the sea. Like her Greek counterpart, she was. is a reliable supplier of the most splendid games collection including the best online slots on the market accessible from absolutely any PC/Mac or mobile gadget. Goddess of good health, cleanliness, and sanitation. Some other gods were also commonly worshipped in the Roman Empire after being adopted from different regions. The upcoming God of War Ragnarök will conclude Kratos’ journey into the Norse mythology setting. The Romans probably took gladiatorial games from the Etruscans or Campanians 2 – Juno. Generally there were two types: games with dice only and games with dice and a board containing. There are several, distinct pantheons of Gods, such as the Greek Olympians or the Norse Aesir and Vanir. Every God in a pantheon fills a certain role, such as the "God of War" or the "God of Light". The Roman religion was based on a belief in a variety of different gods and goddesses, with each playing an important role in different aspect of everyday life during Roman times. This year's festival is April 6. You can use it as Matching Greek and Roman God Names practice, completely free to play. It was named after Janus, the Roman god of all beginnings. Hercules and Cerberus. by Tapowell60. Enter a Crossword Clue. Roman mythology is the body of myths of ancient Rome as represented in the literature and visual arts of the Romans. Vulcan (Latin: Vulcanus, in archaically retained spelling also Volcanus, both pronounced [wʊɫˈkaːnʊs]) is the god of fire including the fire of volcanoes, deserts, metalworking and the forge in ancient Roman religion and myth. READ ALSO: Lesser-Known Gods and Goddesses in the Roman Pantheon. 5 Fun facts about Dionysus: It was Dionysus who granted King Midas the power to turn anything he touched into gold! As a god of festivity and life, Dionysus had the power to restore life to the dead. Jupiter. Luna, Moon Goddess. Her Roman equivalent is Discordia, which means the same. Checkers is a game that was called ‘tilia’ in ancient Greece and in the Roman era it was called the game of the 12 lines. Diana – Roman Goddess of feral life, nature and hunting. There was even a festival celebration called the Quinquennial Games held in Apollo’s honor. He was depicted as the god of the forest, plains, and fields. When King Pompilius revamped the Roman calendar around 690 B. This group included six gods and six goddesses. Saturn carries a scythe - a tool used to cut crops. The Roman Empire believed its civilization was founded by the gods — but these deities weren’t buried in the past. This turn-based strategy video game launched in 1990, with the ability to raise your status from a mere centurion to winning real-time battles against Rome's greatest. The Greek Gods are the Pantheon who ruled over Greece, including all animals, monsters and mortals. In Greek mythology, Apollo was the son of Zeus (Jupiter) and Leto (Letona). Learn more about Dionysus in this article. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Kratos and his siblings Nike ('Victory'), Bia ('Force'), and Zelus ('Glory') are all the personification of a specific trait. This is reinforced by the fact that she was one of the Capitoline triad, in association with Jupiter and Juno. Greek mythology has found a new outlet through the world of video games. Iris. Major MythsIn ancient Roman mythology, Mars was the god of war and one of the most important deities in their pantheon. Here, we'll introduce you to the 12 major Roman gods and goddesses. '' Bacchus was the son of the. Consus. Vulcan, in Roman religion, god of fire, particularly in its destructive aspects as volcanoes or conflagrations. KeresROMAN (noun) a typeface used in ancient Roman inscriptions. The trend for mythological names for boys was kicked off by the Hunger Games series of books turned movies. e. Students create "Roman Trading Cards" about 8 of the most important Roman Gods. Vulcan is the Roman god of fire, metalworking, and craftsmanship. According to myth, Cupid was the son of Mercury, the winged messenger of the gods, and Venus, the goddess of love. God of Fire and Forge. Hypnos, Greco-Roman god of sleep. Dia. The festival occurred once every five years and took the form of athletic games and musical contests. While the gaming world has recently seen an influx of Vikings and Norse gods, the classic figures of ancient Greece still wear their crowns. Lofn, the goddess of games and love, is also called for recovery from gambling addiction. These gods were worshiped at the grand temple on the Capitoline Hill, and, as such. While invoking these gods may not lead to success, it is certainly worth. Some other gods were also commonly worshipped in the Roman Empire after being adopted from different regions. Jupiter ruled over the Pantheon. Greek mythology has found a new outlet through the world of video games. 1. When Zeus was gathering allies at the start of the Titan War, Styx brought her four children Nike, Zelos, Cratus and Bia into the service of the god. Saturn's festival, the Saturnalia, became one of the most popular Roman. The Aztecs prayed to him when playing games, including board games (Patoli) and football (Ullamaliztli). 25 Cities of the USA. GlitchUser • 4 yr. Orcus. Gods and Goddesses (free download, school history, worksheet) Mythology for the Classroom (3 lessons, Greek and Roman) Roman Religion, Walk the Plank game, interactive. Tir, the god of written language, schooling, rhetoric, wisdom, and the arts; Aztec mythology. Fortuna is the Roman goddess in charge of luck and fortune. The Roman calendar was also full of festivals for different gods; these festivals often included games, competitions, and specific foods, and they could be joyful or somber occasions. The beautiful and. He was arguably the best blacksmith Greece had ever seen, and probably why he received the title of the god of design. The Roman god Mercury was the son of Maia and Jupiter. 12 – Faunus. The Roman Gods had great influence in every sphere of society. Please remember that I’ll always mention the master topic of the game : Crostic Answers, the link to the previous clue : Crostic : Time for romantic strolls and the link to the actual level Crostic : Level 724. Greek equivalent Ares. Mars - The god of war and fighting. Much like in Greece, Roman Gods and Goddesses were also arranged in couples: Jupiter-Juno, Neptune-Minerva, Mars-Venus, Apollo-Diana. In the most common version of the myth, Sisyphus managed to cheat Death and thereby extend his life (the details of how he accomplished this vary across different sources). In post-Homeric times he was called the father of Odysseus through his seduction of Anticleia. As much of Roman mythology is modeled on Ancient Greece, the Roman god of war is Ares' counterpart, Mars. Vulcan is not specifically the god of rocks only but has extended abilities and powers. Checkers is a game that was called ‘tilia’ in ancient Greece and in the Roman era it was called the game of the 12 lines. , the Olympic Games, held in honor of the god Zeus, the supreme god of Greek mythology, attracted people from across Greece. Aphrodite's major symbols include seashells, myrtles, roses, doves, sparrows, and swans. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Bacchus - the god of wine, drunkenness, madness and revelry. Aurora. 4. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . The Olympian gods continue to make a mark on western culture. Holy Symbol: Ears of corn. He is the god of oaths and punisher of perjurers. It contains a mixture of Greek and Roman elements. Nike was the ancient Greek goddess of victory--victory both in war and in peaceful competition. The Trojan War is one of the most famous battles in all. , festivals of the sun god… Read MoreBecome a Roman god! Don't be shy! Epic game that topped the charts on Big Fish Games and GameHouse! Even gods grow old. Janus - The god of beginnings, gates, transitions, time, duality, doorways, passages, and endings. outsmart evil gods or befriend good ones to work your way up the pantheon of gods. In Greek mythology,. The Roman Games: A Captivating Guide to the Gladiators, Chariot Races. ), they had become a hugely popular form of public entertainment. Artemis was the Greek goddess of the hunt, nature, and wild animals. 1. He was the god of the Sun, logic, and reason, and was also a fine musician and healer. Vesta was the goddess of hearth and home, and Juno's sister. The God of Love . Hygea. 99. Key Takeaways: Roman mythology was heavily influenced by Greek culture and mythology but possessed its own unique deities. A love deity is a deity in mythology associated with romance, sex, lust, or sexuality. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . Mars is usually illustrated as a mature man or youthful man in Roman mythology. The series follows Kratos, who initially serves the. Juno basked in the glory of being queen of the Roman gods. But Jupiter fathered other children as. According to myths and legends, Hydra was a giant serpent-like water creature, with multiple heads and the ability to regenerate two of them for every one chopped off. Build up a city an ancient Greece, and help it expand! With plenty of things to build and decisions to make, you’ll be able to make a glorious city. That's the only reason they used that one. By 214 BC, according to Livy, these L udi Scaenici took up four days of the festival, and by the reign. Goddess of the Harvest. Some fifty years later, on 25 December AD 274, the Roman emperor Aurelian. , he named January after Janus, the Roman god of doors and beginnings. The Romans had gods for every imaginable thing. God of War: Roman Gods Theory. Goddess of the Hunt and Moon. The goddesses were Juno, Minerva, Venus, Diana, Vesta and Ceres. She’s usually depicted with the wheel of fortune, a rudder and the horn of plenty. Hi All, Few minutes ago, I was playing the game and trying to solve the Clue : Roman god of the sea in the themed crossword of the game Word Hike and I was able. The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "god of war in the game warhammer", 5 letters crossword clue. Hercules and the Apples of the Hesperides. Romans played a selection of different ball games, including some resembling field hockey, handball, and even football. Answers of Word Lanes Roman god of wine: Bacchus. The Greek Gods are the Pantheon who ruled over Greece, including all animals, monsters and mortals. Tali, which originated in Greece, was adopted by the Romans. He was called the father (i. Early in his reign, Halley’s Comet passed over Rome. Enter the length or pattern for better results. You can use it as Greek | Roman Gods - Matching game practice, completely free to play. Ancient Roman god of the act of sowing and, therefore, of agriculture. Ludus Latrunculorum, sometimes called “Latrunculi”, is a game that probably resembled something like checkers. Neptune is the Roman God of the sea, supreme rules of the world of water just like Jupiter of the Sky and Pluto of the underworld. Priapus. Identified with the Roman Mercury and ancient Egyptian Thoth, he protected thieves, travellers, and merchants. Pliny the Elder or Gaius Plinius Secundus (23 AD – 79 AD), was an ancient Roman author, naturalist, and natural philosopher – known for his. Harpastum Harpastum is referred to. The first of these, Sol Indiges, or Sol, was an early Roman deity of minor importance whose cult had petered out by the first century AD. Gods of Rome’s various fighting moves lets you decide when to avoid attacks, use light, medium or heavy attacks and when to defend. He was originally a mortal boy named Melikertes (Melicertes) whose parents incurred the wrath of Hera for fostering the young god. Roman Trivia Fling the Teacher game, interactive. As the newest god of war game showed us, there are many pantheons of gods including, Norse, Egyptian, Japanese etc in addition to the Greek gods seen in the original games. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Greek and Roman Names of Gods - The Roman gods and goddess - Greek and Roman gods and goddesses - Roman Gods - Ancient Greek and Roman Gods Vocabulary. In ancient Greek religion and myth, Dionysus (/daɪ. The Roman calendar was also full of festivals for different gods; these festivals often included games, competitions, and specific foods, and they could be joyful or somber occasions. Major MythsWith four main gods, Kū is the God of war for the Hawaiin Pantheon and therefore the figure that Kratos may fight against. ) How To Play: (You may play the game before or after the lesson. Macuilxochitl also called Xōchipilli, or the Flower Prince was the Aztec god of games, song, art, flowers, and dance. 2. God of the Underworld. Roman Goddess of Gambling. He was part of the Aventine Triad with Ceres and Libera, with their temple near Aventine Hill, and regarded as a guardian or patron of the plebeians of Rome. E. Sky and thunder god, the head honcho and one of the most promiscuous of the gods. The Gods Maze chase. Odin, one of the principal gods in Norse mythology. Jupiter ruled over the Pantheon. Identify the Greek Gods Labelled diagram. When you first launch the. In the Roman polytheistic religion of many deities, Mercury was one of the most important. The God of Wine . Mars was the Roman god of war and second only to Jupiter in the Roman pantheon. Vulcan is the Roman god of fire, metalworking, and craftsmanship. Creative Roman Games for KS2Gameloft’s Gods of Rome honors Greek and Roman gods with a touch-based fighting game featuring a pantheon of champions like Zeus, Vulcan, Hades, Atlas, Spartacus and many more. The Roman elite are not entirely unfairly cast as gluttonous. Mars, Jupiter, Venus are all gods of Roman Mythology. As the name implies, this was a holiday in honor of the agricultural god, Saturn. . Diana, in Roman religion, goddess of wild animals and the hunt, identified with the Greek goddess Artemis. Goddess of Love and Beauty. ) It’s easy to see why people in ancient times would pray to. This week, in the most classic event of the year, alumni return to campus as Roman gods to influence the fate of students, who. . Minerva was the goddess of wisdom. For example, Cupid is the Roman god of love and Eros is the Greek god of love. Rent now on Apple TV & Prime Video ; Though a few (mostly silent) films preceded it, the 1956 movie Helen of Troy is notable for being one of the earliest Greek mythology movies based on The Illiad and The Odyssey. The Romans and their Many Gods is a handbook for any child fond of Roman Mythology. Which Greek god founded the Olympics? THE GAMES. Faunus was one of the first Roman gods that was original to the Romans and not derived from another god. In the last 1st century BC, an extra day was added in honor of the. Ares is the Greek god of war. The Roman Empire was a primarily polytheistic civilization, which meant that people recognized and worshiped multiple gods and goddesses. Mercury was the Roman god of commerce, often serving as a mediator between the gods and mortals, his winged feet giving him the advantage of speed, and so was the patron of circulation in general - of people, goods and messages. From stories of the mythological gods, valiant fabled protagonists, fearsome beasts, and modern games with a Grecian twist, here are some of the best games with. Currently Most Played. Greek name: Ὑπερίων ( Hyperíōn) Titan God of Heavenly Light & Pillar of the East. Can you name the 12 Roman Gods? Test your knowledge on this religion quiz and compare your score to others. The Furies - the goddesses of vengeance. You may want to know the content of nearby topics so these links will tell you. The students should use print/online resources to research. PC. Origins. Nohoilpi – The Navaho god of gambling. Greek mythology has found a new outlet through the world of video games. Personality: Greek gods were often portrayed with human flaws and emotions while Roman gods were depicted as more stoic and dignified. The people of Rome have Fortuna, the goddess of luck. The Gods of Rome were avatars of the Gods of Olympus. The influence of the Saturnalia upon the celebrations of Christmas and the New Year has been direct. The influence of the Saturnalia upon the celebrations of Christmas and the New Year has been direct. 1. Janus. Minerva, in Roman religion, the goddess of handicrafts, the professions, the arts, and, later, war; she was commonly identified with the Greek Athena. It was a single-day festival in honour of the god Jupiter. Gods or Deities are a race of powerful, ageless beings that rule over parts of the world, and are commonly worshiped by mortal inhabitants of certain realms. From the quiz author Jupiter was born to the sky god Saturn and Ops, the goddess of the earth.